Christopher Bovis, a professor of European and international business law at University of Hull.

President Xi Jinping's address at the B20 Summit in Hangzhou on Sept 3 sent a clear message to governments, international regulators and industry. In his inimitable economic diplomacy language, Xi called for a concerted effort to positively and constructively address global growth, which in turn will be the prelude to win-win outcomes for individual economies and regional trading block alike.

But what in his speech at the B20 Summit set was a codified imperative on "openness" in the nature of the "innovative, interconnected and inclusive world economy".

In my view as an adviser to international institutions and governments, an open world economy in the eyes of Xi signals the need for global regulators to establish and ensure uninhibited market access and elimination of all tariff and nontariff protectionist devices, which have plagued international trade for the past two decades.